Frequent sediment density flows during 2006 to 2015, triggered by competing seismic and weather events: Observations from subsea cable breaks off southern Taiwan

At least 17 subsea telecommunications cables cross the Gaoping Canyon and Manila Trench system in the Strait of Luzon between Taiwan and the Philippines. There, cable breaks record rapid (5–16ms−1), long run-out (>300km) sediment density flows triggered by earthquakes and typhoons. Four major cable-breaking events have occurred in the last decade. In 2006, the Pingtung ML=7.0 earthquakes formed up to 3 individual flows, some of which ran-out for up to 460km. In 2009, Typhoon Morakot generated two sediment flows; the first was triggered by hyperpycnal river discharge, whereas a second flow formed 3days later, possibly due to failure of recently deposited flood sediment in upper Gaoping Canyon. A flow in 2010 formed during a swarm of ML=3–5 earthquakes that followed the ML=6.4 Jiashian earthquake. Finally, Typhoon Soudelor of 2015 caused the Gaoping River to form a hyperpycnal plume that failed to break cables at <2600m depth, but broke at least 6 cables in deeper water.