Staphylococcus Aureus Induces Shedding Of Il-1rii In Monocytes And Neutrophils

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta is a critical cytokine that orchestrates host defenses against Staphylococcus aureus and is crucial for the eradication of bacteria. The production and action of IL-1 beta are regulated by multiple control pathways. Among them, IL-1RII (the type II IL-1 receptor) acts as a decoy receptor and has been shown to regulate the biological effects of IL-1 beta. High levels of soluble IL-1RII are present in septic patients; however, the stimuli that regulate the expression and release of IL-1RII in pathological conditions are incompletely elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated the ability of S. aureus and protein A to induce IL-1RII shedding in myeloid cells. The positive modulation of IL-1RII expression and cleavage was associated with the failure to detect IL-1 beta in response to S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the soluble form of the receptor could be masking the availability of IL-1 beta. The absence of detectable IL-1 beta was associated with low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines known to be regulated by IL-1 beta and with increased bacterial persistence. Modulation of decoy receptors during systemic S. aureus infection is proposed as a new strategy used by this bacterium to evade the immune response. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel