Reevaluating Suitability Estimates Based on Dynamics of Cropland Expansion in the Brazilian Amazon

•Recent cropland expansion occurred in areas deemed low to moderately suitable.•Spatial patterns of cropland expansion tracked the flattest lands.•Declining rates of cropland expansion suggested further expansion may be limited.•Utilization differed across biomes and between old and new cropland.•Increasing utilization offers an alternate pathway for agricultural intensification.