Optimization of pumping policy using coupled finite element-particle swarm optimization modelling

An optimal pumping policy during groundwater extraction ensures the sustainability of groundwater resources. In this paper, a coupled finite element-particle swarm simulation–optimization model is implemented to assess the optimal pumping policy in a confined heterogeneous anisotropic synthetic aquifer. Pumping wells are set up in the aquifer to meet a specified water demand. The objective is to find the optimum number and pumping discharges of these wells such that their collective drawdown is minimized while meeting the demand at a reasonable cost. Constraints on the maximum allowable pumping discharge and the location of the wells are also imposed. After analysing the aquifer behaviour in the presence of 8, 9 and 10 pumping wells, the optimal number of wells is selected. The coupled FEM-PSO model also predicts the spatial distribution of the wells that incur the minimum cost for installation and pumping to a specified storage location. Adequate tuning of the PSO parameters involving population size, in...