Association between fine particulate matter and atrial fibrillation in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia with several risk factors. Recent studies have suggested that the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) increased the incidence of AF, but there is no meta-analysis of AF occurrence due to the exposure to PM 2.5 in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients. Methods We conducted a systematic review of publication using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science to explore the association between PM 2.5 and AF within ICD patients. The chosen studies were published until June 11, 2020. The I 2 statistic and Q test were used to examine statistical heterogeneity across studies. Further sensitivity analyses were carried out to ascertain the reason for heterogeneity. Fixed or random-effect model was used to combine the effects. Final result was presented as the OR with 95% CI of increased incidence of AF for every 10 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 concentration increased. Results After screening our analysis contained four studies and involved 1689 AF events from 572 patients. After using the random-effect model to combine the included study result, the overall OR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.00–1.53). Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that PM 2.5 exposure had an adverse effect on AF incidence in ICD patients.