Future physics opportunities for high-density QCD at the LHC with heavy-ion and proton beams

Citron Z.,Dainese A.,Grosse-Oetringhaus J. F.,Jowett J. M.,Lee Y. -J., Wiedemann U. A.,Winn M.,Andronic A.,Bellini F.,Bruna E., Chapon E., Dembinski H.,d'Enterria D.,Grabowska-Bold I.,Innocenti G. M.,Loizides C., Mohapatra S.,Salgado C. A.,Verweij M.,Weber M., Aichelin J., Angerami A.,Apolinario L., Arleo F.,Armesto N.,Arnaldi R.,Arslandok M., Azzi P.,Bailhache R.,Bass S. A.,Bedda C.,Behera N. K.,Bellwied R.,Beraudo A., Bi R.,Bierlich C., Blum K.,Borissov A.,Braun-Munzinger P., Bruce R.,Bruno G. E.,Bufalino S.,Castellanos J. Castillo,Chatterjee R., Chen Y.,Chen Z.,Cheshkov C.,Chujo T.,del Valle Z. Conesa,Nuno J. G. Contreras,Mendez L. Cunqueiro,Dahms T.,Dang N. P., De la Torre H., Dobrin A. F.,Doenigus B.,Van Doremalen L.,Du X.,Dubla A., Dumancic M., Dyndal M.,Fabbietti L.,Ferreiro E. G., Fionda F.,Fleuret F.,Floerchinger S.,Giacalone G.,Giammanco A.,Gossiaux P. B., Graziani G.,Greco V.,Grelli A.,Grosa F.,Guilbaud M.,Gunji T.,Guzey V.,Hadjidakis C., Hassani S., He M.,Helenius I.,Huo P.,Jacobs P. M., Janus P., Jebramcik M. A.,Jia J., Kalweit A. P.,Kim H.,Klasen M., Klein S. R.,Klusek-Gawenda M.,Konyushikhin M., Kremer J.,Krintiras G. K.,Krizek F.,Kryshen E.,Kurkela A., Kusina A., Lansberg J. -P.,Lea R.,van Leeuwen M., Li W.,Margutti J.,Marin A.,Marquet C.,Blanco J. Martin,Massacrier L.,Mastroserio A.,Maurice E.,Mayer C., Mcginn C.,Milhano G., Milov A.,Minissale V., Mironov C.,Mischke A.,Mohammadi N., Mulders M.,Murray M.,Narain M.,Di Nezza P., Nisati A.,Noronha-Hostler J.,Ohlson A.,Okorokov V.,Olness F., Paakkinen P., Pappalardo L.,Park J., Paukkunen H., Peng C. C.,Da Costa H. Pereira,Perepelitsa D. V.,Peresunko D., Peters M., Pettersson N. E.,Piano S., Pierog T.,Pires J.,Plumari M. PS.,Prino F.,Puccio M.,Rapp R., Redlich K.,Reygers K.,Ristea C. L.,Robbe P.,Rossi A.,Rustamov A., Rybar M.,Schaumann M.,Schenke B.,Schienbein I.,Schoeffel L.,Selyuzhenkov I., Sickles A. M.,Sievert M., Silva P.,Song T., Spousta M.,Stachel J., Steinberg P.,Stocco D.,Strickland M.,Strikman M., Sun J.,Takaki D. Tapia, Tatar K.,Terrevoli C.,Timmins A.,Trogolo S., Trzeciak B., Trzupek A., Ulrich R.,Uras A.,Venugopalan R.,Vitev I.,Vujanovic G., Wang J., Wang T. W.,Xiao R.,Xu Y.,Zampolli C., Zanoli H., Zhou M.,Zhou Y.

arxiv（2019）

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Abstract

The future opportunities for high-density QCD studies with ion and proton beams at the LHC are presented. Four major scientific goals are identified: the characterisation of the macroscopic long wavelength Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties with unprecedented precision, the investigation of the microscopic parton dynamics underlying QGP properties, the development of a unified picture of particle production and QCD dynamics from small (pp) to large (nucleus--nucleus) systems, the exploration of parton densities in nuclei in a broad ($x$, $Q^2$) kinematic range and the search for the possible onset of parton saturation. In order to address these scientific goals, high-luminosity Pb-Pb and p-Pb programmes are considered as priorities for Runs 3 and 4, complemented by high-multiplicity studies in pp collisions and a short run with oxygen ions. High-luminosity runs with intermediate-mass nuclei, for example Ar or Kr, are considered as an appealing case for extending the heavy-ion programme at the LHC beyond Run 4. The potential of the High-Energy LHC to probe QCD matter with newly-available observables, at twice larger center-of-mass energies than the LHC, is investigated.

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Key words

qcd,lhc,future physics opportunities,proton,high-density,heavy-ion

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