Upper and Lower Body Segment Ratios from Birth to 18 years in Children from Western Maharashtra

Objectives To assess the upper body segment (US), lower body segment (LS) and US:LS ratio for children from birth to 18 y of age and to compare these data with other US:LS ratio norms from previously reported studies. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in children [birth to 18 y; n = 5454 children (3158 boys)] residing in Pune city, Western India, from December 2015 through June 2017, to evaluate the US, LS and the US:LS ratio. Results The mean US:LS ratio in boys at birth was 1.45; at one year of age it was 1.35 that decreased to 0.89 at 14 y. The nadir for the US:LS ratio in boys was reached at 14 y of age (0.89). In girls, the mean US:LS ratio at birth was 1.44, at one year of age it was 1.35 that decreased to 0.89 at 12 y. The nadir for the US:LS ratio in girls was reached at 12 y of age (0.89). From 12 to 18 y the US:LS ratio was fairly constant (for girls: 0.89, for boys: 0.9). On plotting the US and LS against the age in present study population, the US and LS curves crossed each other (US:LS = 1) at 7 to 8 y in boys and at 6 to 7 y in girls. Conclusions The authors describe data for upper and lower body segments and their ratio in boys and girls from birth to 18 y in children from western Maharashtra. These data may help in the diagnosis of disproportionate short stature in children.