Phosgene-Induced Lung Edema: Comparison of Clinical Criteria for Increased extravascular Lung Water Content with postmortem Lung Gravimetry and Lavage-Protein in Rats and Dogs.

•The most robust endpoint of acute lung edema in animals is lung gravimetry.•Protein in bronchoalveolar lavage is a poor predictor of pulmonary fluid imbalance.•Surrogate endpoints for lung edema in rats match increased extravascular lung water in humans.•Relative to dogs, rats are biased to overestimate edema formation.•Dogs appear to be the species of choice for setting human thresholds for pulmonary edema.