Optimization of Video Camera Disposition for the Maximum Calculation Precision of Coordinates of Natural and Artificial Atmospheric Objects in Stereo Observations

The problem of optimizing the disposition of a pair of video cameras to provide the maximum accuracy of the calculated radius and velocity vectors of natural and artificial objects in the atmosphere and near-earth space from double-station TV observations is considered. The effects of the video camera resolution and the accuracy of determining the positions of the observational sites on the accuracy of the calculated distance to the atmospheric object are investigated. A relation for calculating the relative determination error for the distance relative to the baseline is derived. Errors of components of the radius and velocity vectors are calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation of the direct problem. A 3D distribution is presented for the errors in calculating the coordinates of the object under observation. A demonstration is provided of the calculation accuracy for the absolute value of the body’s velocity and the error distribution for the velocity-vector direction on a sphere. The demonstration uses the calculated results for atmospheric kinematic parameters of meteors. A brief discussion is given of the possible fields to apply the results obtained: astronomy, geophysics, atmosphere physics, geodesy, aviation, and computer vision systems.