Evaluating and predicting blast-induced ground vibration in open-cast mine using ANN: a case study in Vietnam

Blasting is one of the cheapest and effective methods for breaking rock mass in open-pit mines. However, its side effects are not small such as ground vibration (PPV), air overpressure, fly rock, back break, dust, and toxic. Of these side effects, blast-induced PPV is the most dangerous for the human and surrounding environment. Therefore, evaluating and accurately forecasting blast-induced PPV is one of the most challenging issues facing open-pit mines today. In this paper, a series of artificial neural network models were applied to predict blast-induced PPV in an open-pit coal mine of Vietnam; 68 blasting events were used in this study for development of the ANN models. Of the whole dataset, 80% (approximately 56 observations) were used for the training process, and the rest of 20% (12 observations) were used for the testing process. Five ANN models were developed in this study with the difference in the number of hidden layers. The ANN 2-5-1; ANN 2-8-6-1; ANN 2-5-3-1; ANN 2-8-6-4-1; and ANN 2-10-8-5-1 models were considered in this study. An empirical technique was also conducted to estimate blast-induced PPV and compared to the constructed ANN models. For evaluating the performance of the models, root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and determination coefficient ( R 2 ) were used. The results indicated that the ANN 2-10-8-5-1 model (10 neurons in the first hidden layer, 8 neurons in the second hidden layer, and 5 neurons for the third hidden layer) yielded a superior performance over the other models with an RMSE of 0.738 and R 2 of 0.964. In contrast, the empirical performed poorest performance with an RMSE of 2.670 and R 2 of 0.768. This study is a new approach to predict blast-induced PPV in open-cast mines aim to minimize the adverse effects of blasting operations on the surrounding environment.