Degeneration of saccular hair cells caused by MITF gene mutation

Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is the consequence of an inherited autosomal dominant mutation which causes the early degeneration of intermediate cells of cochlear stria vascularis (SV) and profound hearing loss. Patients with WS may also experience primary vestibular symptoms. Most of the current WS studies did not discuss the relationship between WS and abnormal vestibular function. Our study found that a spontaneous mutant pig showed profound hearing loss and depigmentation. MITF-M, a common gene mutation causes type WS which affect the development of the intermediate cell of SV, was then identified for animal modeling. Results In this study, the degeneration of vestibular hair cells was found in pigs with MITF-M. The morphology of hair cells in vestibular organs of pigs was examined using electron microscopy from embryonic day E70 to postnatal two weeks. Significant hair cell loss in the mutant saccule was found in this study through E95 to P14. Conversely, there was no hair cell loss in either utricle or semi-circular canals. Conclusions Our study suggested that MITF-M gene mutation only affects hair cells of the saccule, but has no effect on other vestibular organs. The study also indicated that the survival of cochlear and saccular hair cells was dependent on the potassium release from the cochlear SV, but hair cells of the utricle and semi-circular canals were independent on SV.