Mechanisms of drug release from advanced drug formulations such as polymeric-based drug-delivery systems and lipid nanoparticles

Drug release from a polymeric nanocarrier is affected by several factors including the sort of composition (drug, polymer, and excipient), the ratio of composition, physical or chemical interaction between components, and manufacturing methods. Depending on the mechanism of drug release from the vehicles, it can be divided into four categories (diffusion, solvent, chemical interaction, and stimulated release). Recently, lipids have attracted great interest as carriers for water-insoluble drug delivery. Lipid-based drug-delivery systems have received a lot of interest because of their ability to improve solubility and bioavailability of drugs that are poorly soluble in water. The lipid carrier, formulation strategy, and rational drug-delivery system should be selected appropriately for a lipid-based drug-delivery system to be successful. In this review, the general release characteristics and mechanisms of drug from nanocarriers will be discussed.