Cancer risk in microscopic colitis: a retrospective cohort study

Background The long-term natural history of microscopic colitis (MC) (collagenous colitis (CC), lymphocytic colitis (LC)), traditionally considered relapsing but non-progressive diseases, is poorly defined. Whether persistent histologic inflammation in such diseases is associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) or extracolonic cancers has not been robustly established. Methods This retrospective cohort included diagnosed with MC at a referral center. Rates of CRN and extracolonic cancer were compared to patients undergoing screening colonoscopy ( n = 306) and to the United States population using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) program. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and multivariable regression models used to identify the effect of MC diagnosis and severity on cancer risk. Results Our study included 221 patients with microscopic colitis (112 CC, 109 LC) among whom 77% were women. Compared to the colonoscopy control population, MC was associated with similar odds of tubular adenoma (Odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% CI 0.69–1.66) or villous adenoma (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.17–9.42). Compared to patients with a single episode of MC, those with 2 or more episodes had similar risk of colon cancer (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.20–3.39) or tubular adenoma (OR 1.49 95% CI 0.83–2.67). We also identified no statistical increase in the rates of cancer in the MC population compared to US-SEER data. Conclusion Microscopic colitis was not associated with increased risk of CRN and extracolonic cancers when compared to controls undergoing colonoscopy or the US SEER population.