Phlegmasia cerulean dolens: complication of femoral vein catheterization

There are three less frequent manifestations of acute massive venous thrombosis and obstruction of the venous drainage of an extremity. They are phlegmasia alba dolens, phlegmasia cerulean dolens (PCD), and venous gangrene. The term PCD differentiates ischemia-associated massive venous thrombosis from phlegmasia alba dolens, which describes fulminant venous thrombosis without ischemia. We present a 55-year-old hypertensive, who presented with paedal oedema and breathlessness at rest. About a month prior to this admission, she suffered dislocation of left patella. She was treated with a plaster cast and immobilization for 3 weeks. Her serum creatinine was 8.8 mg/dL. She was initiated on haemodialysis via two single-lumen catheters placed in left femoral vein. The femoral vein catheters were removed after third session of haemodialysis. On fourth day, the patient complained pain and blue discolouration of left toes. On examination, the left lower limb was swollen, discoloured, and cold with blebs up to upper one-third of left leg. The left dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries were not palpable. A Doppler of veins of lower limb revealed, thrombosis of deep, and superficial venous system of left lower limb. As there was no response to anticoagulation below, knee amputation was performed.