Prevalence of diabetes and its correlates in urban population of Pakistan: A Cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors in urban population. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out at four union councils of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from May to September 2014, and comprised members of the general public. A questionnaire was administered to obtain information about demographic characteristics and risk factors. Anthropometric and blood pressuremeasurements were obtained from the participants. Venous blood samples were taken for measuring glycated haemoglobin. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the 404 participants, 181(44.8%) were men and 223(55.2%) were women. The overall mean age was 42.3 +/- 13 years. Overall prevalence of diabetes was 133(32.9%) and that of pre-diabetes was 151(37.4%). The prevalence of diabetes was 203(50.3%) in 50-65 years age group and 143(35.4%) among obese subjects. Diabetes was significantly associated with increasing age (35-49 years (p<0.05); 50-65 years (p<0.01), positive parental (p<0.05) and sibling (p<0.05) history of diabetes, hypertension (p<0.01) and central obesity (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was very high. Prevalence increased with increasing age and body mass index. Major independent risk factors were increasing age, central obesity, and family history of diabetes and hypertension.