Risk Factors for Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Cancer Death in a Japanese Population: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study).

Masakazu Washio,Mitsuru Mori,Kazuya Mikami,Tsuneharu Miki,Yoshiyuki Watanabe,Masahiro Nakao,Tatsuhiko Kubo,Koji Suzuki,Kotaro Ozasa,Kenji Wakai,Akiko Tamakoshi

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP（2016）

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摘要

The present study confirmed that current smoking increases the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths and indicated the possibility that a history of kidney disease may be a risk factor for bladder cancer death in the Japanese population.

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