Correlation between macular changes in exfoliation syndrome and exfoliative glaucoma.

The aim of the study was to evaluate macular thickness and macular volume in unilateral and bilateral exfoliation syndrome and to compare them with exfoliative glaucoma and control eyes using optical coherence tomography. This prospective study included 114 subjects (228 eyes) divided into 4 groups according to the presence of exfoliation: 30 patients with unilateral syndrome, 24 patients with bilateral syndrome, 28 patients with bilateral glaucoma and control group without glaucoma or exfoliation syndrome (32 subjects). All subjects were older than 50 years. Patients with visual acuity under 0.6 according to Snellen were excluded, as well as those with refraction errors, i.e. hypermetropia over +3 spherical diopters, myopia over -5 spherical diopters, astigmatism over 2 cylindrical diopters, patients with affections that might affect the macula or the optic nerve, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, macular edema, epiretinal membrane, vascular occlusions, neuropathies, and patients having undergone eye surgery except for pseudophakic patients with visual acuity within the set limits. Study results confirmed the hypothesis on the existence of structural changes of macular parameters before the functional ones, thus representing an early sign of glaucomatous damage in risk groups such as unilateral and bilateral exfoliation syndrome. If the glaucoma had already manifested (exfoliative glaucoma in this study) with changes in optic disc and visual field, structural changes confirmed the clinical findings and warned of the disease severity.