Exogenous brassinosteroids altered cell length, gibberellin content, and cellulose deposition in promoting carrot petiole elongation

Brassinosteroid (BR) is a predominant plant hormone in regulating cell elongation and cell size. BR-deficient mutants display reduced plant growth and dwarfism in Arabidopsis and rice. In carrot, BRs promote petiole elongation, but its underlying mechanism involving exogenous BR remains unknown. Here, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and promoter region analysis were adopted to identify the potential genes that interacted with DcBZR1/BES1. Bioactive gibberellin (GA) level and cellulose deposition were also determined in the control and treated plants. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression profiles of GA biosynthesis-related genes, GA signaling genes, and cellulose synthase genes. Bioactive GA level and cellulose deposition were upregulated after the petioles were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL). The most putative DcBZR1/BES1 genes were clustered in yellow module. The expression level of DCAR_009411 (a GA5-like gene) was significantly induced after 3 h of treatment. The expression levels of DCAR_019754 and DCAR_013973 (CESA-like genes) were also significantly induced after 3 h of 24-EBL treatment. Our results suggested that the effect of BR on carrot petiole growth was quick. These results also provided potential insights into the mechanism by which BRs modulate GA and cellulose synthesis to promote cell elongation in carrot petioles.