The gut microbiota of hand, foot and mouth disease patients demonstrates down-regulated butyrate-producing bacteria and up-regulated inflammation-inducing bacteria.

The dysbiosis of gut microbiota of the HFMD cases included a reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria and an up-regulation of inflammation-inducing bacteria. These may have impaired the intestinal biological mucosal barrier and host immune functions, promoting the invasion of the enterovirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.