Factors associated with the time to first palliative care consultation in Lebanese cancer patients

Introduction Early palliative care is recommended for cancer patients. However, palliative care consults (PCC) are often delayed in Lebanon. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with timing of PCC and their impact on the place of death. Methods This is a retrospective, single institution, study conducted at Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital in Lebanon. The clinical and demographic characteristics of oncology patients who received PCC were obtained. Cox and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the factors determining the time to first PCC and location of death, respectively. Results Two hundred and ten patients were included in our analyses with a median age of 69 years (range 22–92 years). The median survival times were: overall survival 18.7 months, time to first PCC 17.9 months, and survival post-PCC 0.6 months. Among patients who were followed-up at home, the median time spent at home was 0.6 months. Late PCC were associated with a childless status (HR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.37–0.86, p = 0.007), awareness of the diagnosis (HR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.45–0.91, p = 0.013), and lack of palliative home care (HR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.25–0.65, p < 0.001). Older patients (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01–1.05, p = 0.026) and those who had been followed up at home during the PCC (OR = 160.56, 95%CI = 21.39–1205.50, p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to have died at home as opposed to the hospital. Discussion Cancer patients often receive PCC only shortly before their death. PCC for Lebanese cancer patients were found to be significantly delayed in patients that are childless, knowledgeable of their diagnosis, and lack home palliative care.