Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Mouse Models of Liver Metastasis.

The survival from pancreatic cancer is poor because most patients are diagnosed after the cancer has metastasized. Liver is the most common site of pancreatic cancer metastasis. Orthotopic mouse models of liver metastasis by intrasplenically injecting the pancreatic tumor cells are useful in studying the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and evaluating therapeutic regimens.