Clinicopathological Outcomes and Prognosis of Elderly Patients (≥ 65 Years) with Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) Undergoing Curative-Intent Resection: a Multicenter Data Review

Background The most common site of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is the stomach, and gastric GISTs (gGISTs) occur most often in elderly patients. However, the clinicopathological features, treatment patterns, and prognosis of elderly patients with gGISTs remain unclear. Methods We retrospectively collected clinicopathological and prognostic data for patients with primary gGISTs who underwent curative-intent resection at 10 medical centers in China from 1998 to 2015. Results Over the 18 years, 10 medical centers treated 1846 patients with primary gGISTs by curative-intent resection. The median age was 59 (range 18–91) years. The patients were classified into two groups according to age, namely an elderly group (≥ 65 years of age) and a nonelderly group (< 65 years of age). The elderly group had more comorbidities (40.7% vs 23.5%, p = 0.011), a higher rate of postoperative complications (14.4% vs 8.7%, p = 0.031), and a lower proportion of intermediate/high-risk patients who received adjuvant therapy (30.0% vs 66.8%, p = 0.001) than did the nonelderly group. Regarding pathological outcomes, a significant difference in tumor necrosis was observed between the two groups ( p = 0.002), and more cases of tumor necrosis occurred in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group. Regarding postoperative recovery outcomes, no significant difference was observed between the two groups . Univariate analysis showed that age, postoperative complications, adjuvant therapy, tumor size, mitotic count, modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk category, and tumor necrosis were factors that affected disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis showed that modified NIH risk category was the only independent factor affecting DFS. The 5-year DFS rates in the nonelderly and elderly groups were 88.1% and 81.4%, respectively ( p = 0.034), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 90.4% and 85.5% ( p = 0.038), respectively. Conclusions Currently, the treatment patterns for elderly patients with gGISTs remain the same as those for young patients with gGISTs. Elderly gGIST patients had more comorbidities and postoperative complications than did nonelderly gGIST patients, and fewer elderly gGIST patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy. Elderly gGIST patients also had a higher rate of tumor necrosis and worse DFS and OS than did young gGIST patients. Further exploration into the diagnosis and treatment patterns of elderly patients is therefore essential.