The evaluation of forensic characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of the Ong Be language-speaking population based on Y-STR

•Haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity were increased with the number of analyzed loci increased in present study.•Conducting the research combining population genetic analyses with geographical and linguistic record of Lingao population.•Put forward one conclusion that it’s unconscionable that Lingao people are classified into Han Chinese absolutely from the perspective of linguistics and genetics.