Peripherally inserted central catheter-associated bloodstream infection: Risk factors and the role of antibiotic-impregnated catheters for prevention.

•Large retrospective nested case control study characterized risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) blood stream infections (BSI).•PICC-associated BSIs were highest among patients receiving nonimpregnated catheters in this large study.•Highest risk for PICC-related BSIs occurred with placement of a tunneled catheter, AIDS, leukemia, and whether the indication for a peripherally inserted central catheter was chemotherapy.•Antimicrobial-impregnated PICCs should be considered in all patients receiving peripherally inserted central lines.