Racial discrimination and cortisol in African American emerging adults: The role of neighborhood racial composition.

Objectives: African American (AA) emerging adults may become more vulnerable to the consequences of racial discrimination (discrimination) as many begin to occupy racially mixed contexts. Little is known, however, about whether the effect of discrimination on cortisol concentration varies by neighborhood racial composition. We evaluated whether the percentage of White neighbors qualified the association between discrimination and overall cortisol concentration. Method: We used self-report data from the Flint Adolescent Study and block-level census data linked to the participant's home address. Our sample consisted of 241 AA emerging adults (56.8% Female; 19-22 year olds). We used multilevel regression analyses to evaluate whether the percentage of White neighbors modified the association between discrimination and overall cortisol concentration. Results: Discrimination experienced in the past year, but not chronic discrimination was linked to lower cortisol concentrations among AA emerging adults living in neighborhoods with a high concentration of White neighbors. Specifically, past year discrimination was negatively associated among AAs residing in neighborhoods with 46.9% of White residents or higher. Conclusions: Our results lay the foundation for future research on racial health disparities by suggesting that contextual factors such as neighborhood racial composition can shape the influence race-based discrimination has on health.