Association of dietary sodium:potassium ratio with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.

Several epidemiological studies have investigated that Na or K intakes might be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little evidence has evaluated the association between Na:K ratio and the MetS. in this study, we assessed the association between the dietary Na:K ratio and the MetS. The cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and older in Nanjing, using a multi-stage random sampling method, which resulted in a sample size of 1993 participants. Dietary Na and K intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with condiments weighing method. Health-related data were obtained by standardised questionnaires, as well as physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The prevalence rate of the MetS was 36.5 % (728/1993). After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary factors of the MetS, participants in the highest quartile of dietary Na:K ratio were at a higher risk of developing MetS (OR = 1.602; 95% CI 1.090, 2.353) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Each 1-sD increase in dietary Na:K ratio was associated with a higher risk of prevalent MetS (OR= 1.166; 95% CI: 1.018, 1.336). Among the components of the MetS, dietary Na:K ratio was positively associated with high blood pressure (quartile 3 v. quartile 1: OR = 1.656; 95% CI 1.228, 2.256) and hypenriacylglycerolaemia (quartile 4 v. quartilel: OR= 1.305; 95% CI 1.029, 1.655) in multivariate analysis. These results revealed that higher dietary Na:K ratio significantly increased the risk of the MetS in Chinese adults. Further studies are needed to verify this association.