[The Application of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children in China].

Objective: To investigate the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatrics in China as well as the outcomes. Methods: Data was conducted by questionnaire to investigate the use of ECMO in children under the age of 18 in China by June 30, 2017. All patients were divided into two age groups: pediatric patients (29 d-18 y) and neonates (1-28 d); Also by the causes of ECMO treating including cardiac, respiratory and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The form included the numbers of ECMO cases, weaned and discharged cases, according to the different ages and causes. In addition, the departments that routinely participate in ECMO management were acquired. Results: Totally 43 tertiary hospitals were enrolled, of which 30 have implemented ECMO for the children patients (comprising pediatrics and neonates), including 14 general hospitals, 5 cardiothoracic specialty hospitals and 11 children's or women and children's hospitals. ECMO for pediatrics and neonates was firstly carried out at mainland China in 2004. To the deadline of investigation, 800 patients were supported with ECMO, among which 658 were pediatrics, much more than 142 of neonates. As to pediatrics, 453 were supported with ECMO for cardiac indications with 287 (63.4%) weaned off and 215 (47.5%) survived to discharge; for respiratory causes, 79 cases were registered with 47 (59.5%) weaned off and 36 (45.6%) discharged; for ECPR, 126 were enrolled with 62 (49.2%) successfully weaned off and 48 (38.1%) discharged. In contrast, neonatal patients undergoing cardiac ECMO contained 79 cases, with 39 (49.4%) weaned off and 26 (32.9%) discharged; due to respiratory causes, 40 neonates were included, with 26 (65.0%) weaned off and 21 (52.5%) discharged; 23 neonatal patients consisted of ECPR cause and 10 (43.5%) of them successfully weaned off, but only 6 (26.1%) finally survived. Among the 30 hospitals conducted ECMO for pediatrics and neonates, the average number of departments for ECMO management is 4.03±1.87. Conclusions: Although ECMO used for children in mainland China is relatively late, a certain number of cases have been accumulated, and there is still a gap compared with the international standard. Meanwhile, each hospital has preliminarily built up its own ECMO team.