Hydrophilic Polymer Brush Layers on Stainless Steel Using Multilayered ATRP Initiator Layer.

Thin polymer coatings (in tens of nanometers to a micron thick) are desired on industrial surfaces such as stainless steel. In this thickness range coatings are difficult to produce using conventional methods. In this context, surface-initiated controlled polymerization method can offer a promising tool to produce thin polymer coatings via bottom-up approach. Furthermore, the industrial surfaces are chemically heterogeneous and exhibit surface features in the form of grain boundaries and grain surfaces. Therefore, the thin coatings must be equally effective on both the grain surfaces and the grain boundary regions. This study illustrates a novel "periodic rejuvenation of surface initiation" process using surface-initiated ATRP technique to amplify the graft density of poly(oligoethylene glycol)methacrylate (POEGMA) brush layers on stainless steel 316L surface. The optimized conditions demonstrate a controlled, macroscopically homogeneous, and stable POEGMA brush layer covering both the grain surface and the grain boundary region. Various relevant parameters-surface cleaning methods, controllability of thickness, graft density, homogeneity and stability-were studied using techniques such as ellipsometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray, surface zeta potential, and infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy.