Interspecific variation in the spatially-explicit risks of trace metals to songbirds.

•A spatially explicit modelling framework is presented to estimate risks of metal to birds.•The model has been applied to soil metal contamination and thirty songbird species.•Our spatial model showed interspecies variation in metal toxicity risks to UK songbirds.•Pb and Zn exposure posed high toxicity risks to adults and nestlings via diet as indicated by the model.•Despite the model limitations, this study can be a useful for environmental risk assessment.