Transcriptome analysis of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and mechanisms of photoinhibition tolerance under extreme high light conditions.

Photoinhibition, or cell damage caused by excessively intense light is a major issue for the industrial use of cyanobacteria. To investigate the mechanism of responses to extreme high light intensity, gene expression analysis was performed using the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803) cultured under various light intensities. The culture profile data demonstrated that, in contrast to the slow cell growth observed under low light intensities (30 and 50 μmol m s), maximal cell growth was observed under mid light conditions (300 and 1000 μmol m s). PCC 6803 cells exhibited photoinhibition when cultured under excessive high light intensities of 1100 and 1300 μmol m s. From the low to the mid light conditions, the expression of genes related to light harvesting systems was repressed, whereas that of CO fixation and of D1 protein turnover-related genes was induced. Gene expression data also revealed that the down-regulation of genes related to flagellum synthesis (pilA2), pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (pntA and pntB), and sigma factor (sigA and sigF) represents the key responses of PCC 6803 under excessive high light conditions. The results obtained in this study provide further understanding of high light tolerance mechanisms and should help to improve the productivity of bioprocess using cyanobacteria.