Amplification of blood smear DNA to confirm disseminated histoplasmosis

Background The prevalence of the Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum ( Hcc ) histoplasmosis may be underestimated West Africa, both because the diagnosis is not mentioned in the early stages of the disease and due to limited biological resources available. Case Report We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis due to Hcc in a Senegalese HIV patient. The diagnosis was suspected following the demonstration of small encapsulated yeasts within neutrophils on a thin blood smear. It was further confirmed using a specific real-time PCR applied on a DNA specimen extracted from the thin blood smear. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Hcc infection diagnosed in Senegal. Blood smear may be a valuable screening tool in the case of bloodstream dissemination and can be used for further molecular approaches to confirm the diagnosis.