Clinical Usefulness of the Microbubble Contrast Agent SonoVue in Enhancing the Effects of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Adenomyosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical usefulness of the microbubble contrast agent SonoVue in enhancing high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of adenomyosis. Methods A total of 102 patients with adenomyosis, assessed from August 2015 to April 2017, were randomly divided into 1-minute (A) and 10-minute (B) groups, respectively. In groups A and B, HIFU started 1 minute and 10 minutes, respectively, after SonoVue injection. All patients underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan before and after HIFU treatment. Results The occurrence rates of massive gray scale change, nonperfused volume, and fractional ablation were similar in both groups (P > .05). Meanwhile, sonication time to massive gray scale change was reduced in group A compared with group B (P < .05). In addition, mean power, total energy, and energy efficiency factor were lower in group A than group B (all P < .05). The incidence rates of most perioperative and all postoperative adverse events were similar in both groups (P > .05). The incidence rates of pain in the treated region, leg pain, and sciatic or buttock pain during HIFU were substantially lower in group A than group B (P < .05). Conclusions Overall, starting HIFU sonication at 1 minute after SonoVue injection enhances HIFU ablation by cavitation and heating and is safe. Early massive gray scale change, lower total energy, and reduced mean power are potential safety factors.