Three-dimensionally derived interlandmark distances for sex estimation in intact and fragmentary crania.

•990 interlandmark distances were mathematically derived using Pythagorean geometry.•Distances include non-traditional measures used to derive discriminant functions.•The functions represent five regions and are applicable to fragmentary remains.•Functions for fragmentary remains have accuracies ranging from 74.0% to 83.2%.•The function for global cranium achieved 88.2%, outperforming previous methods.