Ryanodine Receptors for Drugs and Insecticides: An Overview.

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are calcium channels located on the endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum of muscle cells and neurons. They regulate the release of stored intracellular calcium and play a critical role in muscle contraction. The N-terminal part of these receptors accounts for roughly 80% and contains the binding sites for diverse RyRs modulators. The C-terminal domain contains the transmembrane region. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular biology of insect RyRs, chemicals targeting mammal or insect RyRs, and the reasons for mammal RyR-related diseases and diamides resistances. It may lay the foundation for effective management of mammal RyR-related diseases and diamides resistances.