Expanding the biomass resource: sustainable oil production via fast pyrolysis of low input high diversity biomass and the potential integration of thermochemical and biological conversion routes.

•Biomass is generated during management of low input high diversity (LIHD) landscapes.•Samples of LIHD biomass were subjected to fast pyrolysis.•Demineralization through washing and pressing was associated with higher oil yields.•Oil yields were within the range following fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus and Willow.•Gross estimates of 4×105tonne per year of oil could be displaced using Welsh LIHD biomass.