Interaction between alcohol consumption and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in thyroid cancer risk: National Cancer Center cohort in Korea

The effect of alcohol intake on thyroid cancer is unestablished, and its interaction effects with genetic susceptibility are unclear. In this case-control study, the relationship among alcohol intake, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene, and thyroid cancer risk has been evaluated. In total, 642 cases and 642 controls of Korean origin were included, and the genetic variants C677T and A1298C of the MTHFR gene were analysed. The interactions between alcohol-consumption behaviour and genetic variants were analysed with a likelihood ratio test, wherein a multiplicative interaction term was added to a logistic regression model. There was an independent association between the C677T polymorphism and thyroid cancer risk but not for drinking history. For C677T C/C homozygotes, individuals with a history of alcohol consumption showed a protective OR (95% CI) of 0.42 (0.15–1.13) when never drinkers were used as the reference. However, this protective association was not observed among individuals with a T+ allele with an OR (95% CI) of 1.27 (0.89–1.82), showing different directions for the association between genotypes with a significant interaction ( P interaction = 0.009). Based on the genetic characteristics of individuals included, an interaction between alcohol intake and MTHFR C677T may modify the risk of thyroid cancer.