Prevalence of trachoma in the Kayes region of Mali eight years after stopping mass drug administration.

Background In 2009, three years after stopping mass treatment with azithromycin, a trachoma impact survey in four health districts in the Kayes region of Mali found a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1 to 9 years of >5% and a trachomatous trichiasis (TT) prevalence within the general population (>= 1-year-old) of <1%. As a result, the government's national trachoma program expanded trichiasis surgery and related activities required to achieve trachoma elimination. Methodology/Principal findings In 2015, to assess progress towards elimination, a follow-up impact survey was conducted in the Kayes, Kenieba, Nioro and Yelimane health districts. The survey used district level two-stage cluster random sampling methodology with 20 clusters of 30 households in each evaluation unit. Subjects were eligible for examination if they were >= 1 year. TF and TT cases were identified and confirmed by experienced ophthalmologists. In total 14,159 people were enumerated and 11,620 (82%) were examined. TF prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 0.5% (0.3-1%) in Kayes, 0.8% (0.4-1.7%) in Kenieba, 0.2% (0-0.9%) in Nioro and 0.3% (0.1-1%) in Yelimane. TT prevalence (95% CI) was 0.04% (0-0.25%) in Kayes, 0.29% (0.11-0.6%) in Kenieba, 0.04% (0-0.25%) in Nioro and 0.07% (0-0.27%) in Yelimane. Conclusions/Significance Eight years after stopping MDA and intensifying trichiasis surgery outreach campaigns, all four districts reached the TF elimination threshold of <5% and three of four districts reached the TT elimination threshold of <0.1%.