A novel Epstein–Barr virus-latent membrane protein-1-specific T-cell receptor for TCR gene therapy

Background: Adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T-cells to express antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) is a feasible and effective therapeutic approach for numerous types of cancers, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies. Here, we describe a TCR gene transfer regimen to rapidly and reliably generate T-cells specific to EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1), which is a potential target for T-cell-based immunotherapy. Methods: A novel TCR specific to LMP1 (LMP1-TCR) was isolated from HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice that were immunised with the minimal epitope LMP1 166 (TLLVDLLWL), and LMP1-TCR-transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated for functional specificities. Results: Both human CD8 and CD4 T-cells expressing the LMP1-TCR provoked high levels of cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity towards peptide-pulsed and LMP1-expressing tumour cells. Notably, recognition of these T-cells to peptide-pulsed cells was maintained at low concentration of peptide, implying that the LMP1-TCR has high avidity. Infusion of these engineered T-cells revealed remarkable therapeutic effects and inhibition of tumour growth in a preclinical xenogeneic model. We observed explosive ex vivo proliferation of functional TCR-transduced T-cells with artificial antigen-presenting cells that express co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and 4-1BBL. Conclusions: These data suggest that the novel TCR-targeting LMP1 might allow the potential design of T-cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies against EBV-positive malignancies.