Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy. 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Todero Peixoto , G Toma , L Tomankova , B Tomé , A Tonachini , G Torralba Elipe , D Torres Machado , P Travnicek , M Trini , R Ulrich , M Unger , M Urban , J F Valdés Galicia , I Valiño , L Valore , G van Aar , P van Bodegom , A M van den Berg , S van Velzen , A van Vliet , E Varela , B Vargas Cárdenas , G Varner , R Vasquez , J R Vázquez , R A Vázquez , D Veberič , V Verzi , J Vicha , M Videla , L Villaseñor , B Vlcek , S Vorobiov , H Wahlberg , O Wainberg , D Walz , A A Watson , M Weber , K Weidenhaupt , A Weindl , C Welling , F Werner , A Widom , L Wiencke , H Wilczyński , T Winchen , D Wittkowski , B Wundheiler , S Wykes , L Yang , T Yapici , A Yushkov , E Zas , D Zavrtanik , M Zavrtanik , A Zepeda , B Zimmermann , M Ziolkowski , F Zuccarello PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS（2016）
摘要
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 +/- 0.7 (stat) +/- 6.7 (syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the
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关键词
radiation energy, extensive air showers, universal estimator, cosmic-ray
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