Primary Prophylaxis for Cryptococcosis With Fluconazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients With CD4 T-Cell Counts <100 Cells/µL and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in 302 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who had a CD4 T-cell count < 100 cells/mu L and negative serum cryptococcal antigen initiating antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting. During 2-year follow-up, there were no differences of survival rates and occurrences of newly diagnosed cryptococcosis between patients with and without fluconazole for primary prophylaxis of cryptococcosis.