Habitat Management to Reduce Human Exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi and Western Conenose Bugs ( Triatoma protracta )

Chagas disease, which manifests as cardiomyopathy and severe gastrointestinal dysfunction, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , a vector-borne parasite. In California, the vector Triatoma protracta frequently colonizes woodrat ( Neotoma spp.) lodges, but may also invade nearby residences, feeding upon humans and creating the dual risk of bite-induced anaphylaxis and T . cruzi transmission. Our research aimed to assess T . cruzi presence in woodrats in a previously unstudied northern California area, statistically evaluate woodrat microhabitat use with respect to vegetation parameters, and provide guidance for habitat modifications to mitigate public health risks associated with Tr . protracta exposure. Blood samples from big-eared woodrats ( N . macrotis ) trapped on rural private properties yielded a T . cruzi prevalence of 14.3%. Microhabitat analyses suggest that modifying vegetation to reduce understory density within a 40 meter radius of human residences might minimize woodrat lodge construction within this buffer area, potentially decreasing human exposure to Tr . protracta .