The role of TGFβ receptor 1-smad3 signaling in regulating the osteoclastic mode affected by fluoride.

•Fluoride upregulated 303 miRNAs expression and downregulated 61 miRNAs.•Fluoride exhibited biphasic effect on osteoclast viability, formation and function.•Fluoride indicated little effect on expression of RANK protein.•SB431542 inhibited or aggravated fluoride-regulating osteoclast mode.•Stimulation of fluoride on Smad3 expression exhibited dose-dependent manner.