The effects of disruptive and stabilizing selection on body size in Drosophila melanogaster . III. Genetic analysis of two lines with different reactions to disruptive selection with mating of opposite extremes

A genetic analysis was made of two lines which when subjected to disruptive selection with compulsary mating of opposite extremes (D−) showed a different response viz. one, D−-1, showing predominantly an increase of environmental variance and possibly interaction variance, the other, D−-2, showing an increase of genetic variance. Crosses between extreme flies within lines revealed that D−-1 genomes from large flies are dominant to genomes from small individuals. In D−-2 the genetic variation is predominantly additive variance. Tests for dominant chromosome effect in crosses with an inbred stock with recessive markers showed clear third chromosome differences in D−-2 and not in D−-1. Chromosome exchange between extreme flies corroborated the importance of genetic differences in D−-2. A factor or complex of factors with large effect decreasing body size is located on third chromosomes from small flies in D−-2. Interaction between chromosomes has a similar magnitude in the two lines. Crowding and temperature experiments did not reveal an increased general sensitivity to environmental factors in D−-1, which was suggested by the enlarged environmental variance of this line.