The Management of Vascular Malformations of the Airway: Natural History, Investigations, Medical, Surgical and Radiological Management.

Vascular malformations may affect nearly all aspects of the upper airway. Each type of malformation has a characteristic pattern of disease. These lesions may be focal or diffuse, and require directed management strategies. Physicians treating these entities should have a high level of suspicion to consider airway evaluation even in the absence of overt symptoms. However, cutaneous head and neck venous malformations or other lesions affecting the lips, oral cavity, or tongue can herald the presence of coexisting airway lesions. A multidisciplinary approach is critical in achieving comprehensive treatment.