Understanding Anthropomorphism: Anthropomorphism is not a Reverse Process of Dehumanization.

Anthropomorphism plays an important role in human interaction with robots. However, our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In the previous research, we proposed to look at the work on dehumanization in order to understand what factors can affect a robot's anthropomorphism. Moreover, considering that there are two distinct dimensions of humanness, a two-dimensional model of anthropomorphism was proposed. In this paper we present a study in which we manipulated the perceived intentionality of a robot and appearance (Robovie R2 vs Geminoid HI-2), and measured how they affected the anthropomorphization of the robots on two dimensions of humanness. We did not find statistically significant differences in attribution of human traits and mind along two dimensions of humanness. However, after dividing the traits based on their valence, we found that Geminoid HI-2 was attributed significantly more negative human traits than Robovie R2. These results do not support the proposed two-dimensional model of anthropomorphism.