Bioactive coumarins from the roots and fruits of Ferulago trifida Boiss., an endemic species to Iran

Phytochemical analysis of the Ferulago trifida Boiss. from Apiaceae family led to the isolation and identification of suberosin (1), isoimperatorin (2), prantschimgin (3), oxypeucedanin (4), oxypeucedanin methanolate (5), suberenol (6), 6-hydroxymethylherniarin (7), oxypeucedanin hydrate (8), ulopterol (9), bergapten (10), xanthotoxin (11), imperatorin (12) and grandivittin (13) from chloroform extracts of the roots (1–9) and fruits (1, 2, 8, 10–13) of this species. Oxypeucedanin methanolate and suberenol demonstrated a potent antioxidant power with 268.2±5.4 and 251.2±6.2 mmol FSE/100 g, respectively, compared by BHT (267.2±4.2 mmol FSE/100 g) in FRAP method. The potent antibacterial effects were found for oxypeucedanin methanolate on S. epidermidis (IZ; 26 mm, MIC; 250 μg mL−1) an oxypeucedanin hydrate on K. pneumoniae (IZ: 21 mm, MIC: 250 μg mL−1). Moreover, suberosin showed higher preferential toxicity against MDA-MB-23 cells (IC50: 0.21 mM, SI: 5.0), in comparison with tamoxifen (IC50: 0.012 mM, SI: 2.45) in MTT assay.