High Density Valet Parking Using K-Deques In Driveways

Advances in autonomous driving and the introduction of automated valet parking allow the optimization of parking space. A future concept is high density valet parking with the potential to either reduce the extensive land use for parking or increase the capacity of existing parking facilities. This paper presents a novel approach that integrates high density parking into an existing parking lot, by explicitly making use of parking in the driving lane and reducing the shunting operations per vehicle. The proposed parking scheme allows vehicles to park either perpendicular to the driveway or in double-ended queues with k parking spots (k-deque) on the side of the driving lane. Leveraging the potential of such a layout increases the capacity of a parking lot by up to 25%, while keeping the maximum number of shunts per car below [k/2] + 1 between entry and exit. A dynamic simulation verifies the theoretical analysis and compares the performance of different deque lengths with respect to the distances traveled and the number of shunts per vehicle.