Survey of High-Affinity H 2 -Oxidizing Bacteria in Soil Reveals Their Vast Diversity Yet Underrepresentation in Genomic Databases

While high-affinity H 2 -oxidizing bacteria (HA-HOB) serve as the main sink of atmospheric H 2 , the ecology of this specialist functional group is rather unknown due to its recent discovery. The main purpose of our study is to provide the first extensive survey of HA-HOB in farmland, larch, and poplar soils exposed to 0.5 and 10,000 ppmv H 2 . Using qPCR and qRT-PCR assays along with PCR amplicon high-throughput sequencing of hhyL gene encoding for the large subunit of high-affinity [NiFe]-hydrogenases (HAH), we found that hhyL gene expression ratio explained better variation in measured H 2 oxidation rates than HA-HOB species richness. Carbon, nitrogen, pH, and bacterial species richness appeared as the most important drivers of HA-HOB community structure. Our study also highlights the need to cultivate HA-HOB due to the huge gap in current genomic databases.