Lethal effects of concentrated CO 2 on adult females and eggs of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) at a high temperature

Lethal effects of concentrated CO 2 at 40 °C on adult females and eggs of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) were examined. No female adult of F. occidentalis survived after 3 h exposure to 10 % CO 2 . No female adult of F. intonsa survived after 3 h exposure to 30 % CO 2 . Tolerance of eggs to CO 2 exposure was higher than that of female adults and increased as the egg stage progressed in both species. To achieve 100 % mortality of 2-day-old eggs of F. occidentalis and F. intonsa , 3 h treatment of 40 % CO 2 and 5 h treatment of 50 % CO 2 or 6 h treatment of 40 % CO 2 were required, respectively. These results suggest that thrips can be controlled with less CO 2 concentration and shorter exposure time at a high-temperature condition.