Molecular aspects of Brucella persistence

Brucellosis is an extremely dangerous zoonotic infectious disease of animals and human beings. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella capable of surviving, reproducing, and persisting in host cells. The present review deals with the persistence of Brucella , with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the avoidance of innate and adaptive immunity systems of the host by the bacteria and the active interference of type IV effector proteins secreted by Brucella with host cell functions. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Brucella persistence may assist the search for new approaches to the development of effective means for the prevention and treatment of chronic brucellosis.